Building Architecture Wajo
Traditional Village in the Village Wajo , Keo-Central District, District Nagekeo. This district is geographically located between 80 26 ’00”-80 64′ 40 “south latitude and 1210 6 ’20″ -1210 32′ 00 “East Longitude. Northern border with the Flores Sea, bordering the South Sea Savu, eastern borders Ende, west of the district bordering Ngada. Architectural Characteristics Wajo influenced by the layout and pattern perkampungannya, which of the topography Wajo village has become the determination hierarchy (position) home Pemali (Sa’oPile), megalithic building, and the court of the activities of traditional rituals. Indigenous Village Pattern Wajo refers to a strong symbol of unity, namely the circle, “PONDO” means “pot”, addresses Sa’o Pile and Pu Peo be bangunana surrounding the central orientation. The hierarchy, in customary settlement pattern Wajo, custom house (“Sa’o Pilei”) and Peo his position on the highest contour. This is influenced by the philosophy of community mores Wajo, that the ‘head leaning against the mountain’ (the North), ‘foot crutch at sea’ (the South) “Udu mbeli kedi ndeli Mesi-ai”, which likens the situation of architecture and settlement patterns as a snake which is a traditional village watchman or guardian Wajo. This proves that the mythic-Magis Wajo Indigenous peoples into the direction and guidance in the architecture.
• The circumstances of Indigenous Village Pattern Wajo have special provisions, such as the entrance, both in everyday life and traditional rituals, which must go through Tangi Kodi, as the entrance of all series of traditional activities with the provision if the ride to Sa’o Pile ( Houses Pemali), must remove footwear (slippers) and wearing a traditional sarong.
• Direction of traditional village entrance, with a circular pattern, starting from the right and exit should be around Sa’o Pile from right to left direction, provided that, if it is out of the settlement, according to custom may not be back to back (at the time Range (distance ) chieftain’s house into the same spatial pattern ?); Wajo indigenous settlements, that each head of the tribe (there are 6 tribes), each separated by 2 houses of ordinary people, with the vocal point of the walls of bamboo carving (traditional cloth Wajo).
Building Architecture Wajo
Houses Pemali (Sa’o Pile) and Puu Peo be the pride and the most important part in forming the character of people Wajo. For Home Pemali (Sa’o Pile) formed from the customary song poems, namely “Ndada ta”, with the primary or principal function, namely the function of Social and Religious functions. Called a social function, because the House Pemali (Sa’o Pile) is a gathering place for villagers or tribes (6 spare) and place of deliberation. While known to have religious functions, because the house Pemali (Sa’o Pile) is a traditional ceremony where he did and as a place where the heirlooms owned by the tribe. The existence of the holy (Sacred) (Tubu Nusu) and heirlooms that should not be touched by ordinary people, proving that the house Pemali, not only as a place of unifying all the tribes, but also as the residence of the Spirit Ancestors (Retha).
SA’O PILE (HOUSE Pemali)
Called Sa’o Pile (House Pemali), because it is a place of residence of traditional rituals and Ancestral Spirit with a specific function. Building sketch Sa’o Pile is rectangular with dimensions of 8m x 6m, house-shaped stage and consists of 2 floors of the building. In particular, the orientation of the house Pemali based on the philosophy and myth, namely the North should face south overlooking the Mountain and River (the symbol of a snake, the village guards “Ine Mbupu”). Pile Sa’o hierarchy are at the highest position, because it became a central lead Retha or Mathemudu dedoe (Ancestors and the Creator). The process of establishing Sa’o Pile takes approximately 6 months at a cost that reached hundreds of millions of dollars. This shows that the House Pemali (Sa’o Pile) had a mean value and meaning and expensive, so not just construction, but through traditional rituals with special provisions as well, which is done by all villagers.
1) How to Establish Sa’o Pile (home Pemali)
To establish or build Sa’o Pile, based on the agreement of all Ethnic (6 rates), in a ritual or Ceremony, namely:
• Mumu Matu, meaning six chiefs beremuk to find members of the tribe to plan for building custom homes;
• After all members of the tribe by his descendants have gathered, traditional rituals to be performed are for guidance, direction as well as permission of the ancestors, the “Tika” means the member food (offerings) to the ancestors (nee rekta Ndewa ngae parade);
• To collect the elements (materials), the building also must go through rituals of “Raba taka” means to sharpen a machete at the time of cutting the pole and other first didarahi with buffalo blood;
• “Woti Geri” means carve emblems or symbols of culture on every element of construction.
At the time of building Sa’o Pile, construction elements are placed directly into position in stages (not bundled, first), namely:
a. Establishing the main mast (Deke).
The main pillar of the number 6, which was established according to tribal circle from right to left, symbolizing the tribes that exist;
• EMB lau;
• Embumbani
• Koto bhisu MENA;
• Koto bhisu Rade;
• Wawo Dhedhe weary;
• bored Dhedhe Wena.
Main mast (Deke), must use a special wood that is “wood Embu” taken from a private garden Wajo Society, namely the Buddhist Nio, Ae toe, natu and Baomau, carved with system construction is planted in the ground, paved with flat stones (Watu) and wrapped by a rope Ijo (palm fiber) system stone base.
b. The main pillar of support “Tenga” (sloff below) that is horse-shaped beam “Kaju mali horse”, taken from, undemi (Garden) with system construction “Monge”.
c. Because it is a house on stilts, Sa’o Pile consists of several steps that must ditapaki (skipped stages), namely:
1. NGI Kajo, the first steps, a long beam
2. Kana wari, referred to as a bridge to a traditional house, aided by a string ijo (supposedly using water buffaloes), made from Kaju Oja taken in “Lewa”. Wari Cana is equipped with the ornament in the form of a statue believed to be a guard house entrance Pemali (“Ana Jeo”) namely;
• Climb up Weke (left);
• Nenbo Neke (right)
It is said that the two statues is Ana Jeo, the 2 children who keep the entire village of indigenous Wajo;
d. Kodi Panda
Namely beam divider floor entrance (Wesa) with Kana wari. For Communities Wajo, rule or prohibition to enter the house is not allowed to stumble Pemali (tripping) in the beam Kodi panda. This indicates not allowed to enter the Sa’o Pile (Pemali).
e. Wisu (wood mbaa Tolo)
Namely ½ red wood walls as part of construction dindiding forming columns, taken at Koi (Garden).
f. Floor “kembi”, made from parts of the bamboo construction by using a rope tied ago with “Nao” (FII bheto) on FII scores (floor beams) or Dado Kodi.
g. Pile Sa’o pyramid-shaped house, so this type of roof construction using a bunch with green tied by a rope (the rope fibers), namely:
• Soku dock, which beams Jurai;
• Mangu or mbaa Tolo ie rooftop pole, from red wood;
• slope of Kada bike, which is half the horses;
• Soku papa, namely gording of bamboo;
• Pama leachate, which is full plank boards list engraving;
• reeds and fibers in the bunch, was collected from each tribe. Construction reeds are flanked by bamboo with a size of 1 meter and tied to bamboo lath with a distance of 0.5 meters.
h. Attic or Kodi Panda
Kodi panda that is space on the 2nd floor which functioned as a place to call or collect all the villagers to prepare for war if there is war equipment. Usually villagers how to gather all Wajo accompanied by music gongs, drums, flute and song poetry.
2) Ceremony in establishing Sa’o Pile (House Pemali)
Held a ceremony or ritual purpose in building custom homes Pemali, believed by indigenous Wajo “as a form of request to the ancestors to protect their offspring from all members of the tribe to be healthy and successful in building (Mbinge woso kupa) developing offspring for generations berkembanga rapidly” .
• Quality Mumu, meaning chieftain beremuk 6 (dialogue) to find members of the tribe to plan for building custom homes;
• Tika, namely member sasajen (eat) to the ancestors (“ndewa rekta nee ngae parade”);
• Rabbah taka, the ceremony on time sharpening the machete to cut poles and other material in advance didarahi by blood buffalo;
• Woti Geri, which ceremony carve emblems or symbols Wajo culture;
• Lombo leachate, ie cutting reeds for neat (finishing);
• Pije Puu, put the soil around the pile and the PEO for the didarahi strong with buffalo blood.
In a customary ritual sacrifice of animals that became principal of pigs, used to mendarahi wood or reed while it is in the forest or garden, and buffalo, are used to mendarahi building materials in one place for ready built (guardian permission on the tree).
In addition, dance is used for a ceremonial dance that is Pute wutu by ana milk. According to the pile sa’o Wajo house built on the poetry track “Ndada ta”.
3) Plan and the Pattern Room
Plan and spatial patterns in order Traditional architecture (Vernacular) Wajo have the mindset that is sacred and can always be viewed hierarchically, ie horizontal and vertical. Houses Pemali Sa’o Pile typology classified the stage house, consists of two floors in the living room where bertitikan characterized by the presence of sacred space sacred. Horizontally, the pattern of house space Pemali always associated with profane life, with the demands of such activities, eating together, cooking (Dika) and socializing. While vertically always associated with matters cosmic and sacred, because the room was also used as the venue for traditional activities (traditional ceremony) which is sacred and holy. On the other hand, there are customs Wajo separation chamber which has a number of restrictions, such as the division of cooking space (Women are not allowed past the barrier between Dika room / kitchen in the house Pemali) separated by a piece of bamboo with different sizes. Vertically Wajo architecture is characterized by the existence of ceremonial space (sacred space) separated by a transverse beam. The vertical axis is very clearly distinguish the functions of a room from top to bottom or from the sacred (Pemali) to the ordinary, is a manifestation of the world over (the world of the gods or ancestors), the middle (where humans) and the underworld (and the beast evil spirits). Order on settlement patterns of outer space (township) customary Wajo also basically have the concept and the hierarchy of space use within the same identical pattern or hierarchy in tat Pemali room in the house. The core of this outer space on the tread pattern “Pondo” is the presence of megalithic buildings, Pu’u Peo, Peo Aki and also an open courtyard within the scope of Community Wajo cosmic ideas of the previous era ancestors.
4) Ornaments and Ornamental Variety
Ornament and Decorative Variety on Traditional Architecture (Vernacular) customary Wajo contained in the House Pemali (Sa’o Pile) has many meanings, norms, and appropriate placement of certain restrictions that are limited in certain parts of the building as well. In terms of decorative shapes vary widely, ie a straight line, the line langkung (with a particular composition), Balah diamond, flora (Bud flower), fauna (animals), human (human figures, female specific organs, such as breast, and sculpture ), as well as celestial bodies (moon, stars and sun). The carved decoration with curved lines of the composition generally bersosok some things that indicate the presence of heirlooms or other valuables stored in the house Pemali
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